On Monday, the J. Paul Getty Trust launched their Open Content Program, making more than 4,600 high-quality images of artwork available for free online. The digital images -- of paintings by Van Gogh, drawings by Rembrandt, and watercolors by Dürer -- had already fallen into the public domain, but the Getty's program makes their digital reproductions much easier to use on the web.

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They're not the first museum to put so many images online this year. In the spring, the Rijksmuseum opened 125,000 digital images for use, with plans to digitize an additional 40,000 images from its archive every year.

When museums emancipate images like this, the benefits don't only redound upon the researchers, teachers, and students who can use and show high-resolution art in their books, lectures and papers. Putting images online helps anyone who wants to make a point with pictures, whether on their website or Facebook profile, on a t-shirt or, as a Rijksmuseum curator told the New York Times, on special Rembrandt toilet paper.

Below, we've listed the museums and research institutions that have large, high-quality, free-to-use collection of historically or aesthetically notable images online.

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The J. Paul Getty Trust The Getty's Open Content Program goes beyond reproductions of paintings and drawings: It includes photographs of architecture, sculpture and jewelry. If you're looking for an introduction to the collection, the Getty's highlighted 39 images it thinks are its best.

Rijks Studio The digital image collection of the Netherlands's state museum, Rijks Studio encompasses 125,000 images right now and will expand until it includes the Rijksmuseum's more than one million holdings. The museum's holdings extend to the 21st century, but its online offerings are especially rich in the Dutch Golden Age artists, like Rembrandt and Vermeer.

Calisphere Hosted by the University of California, this 'world of primary sources' includes illustrations, photographs and reproductions from California history, including a crate label archive from the public library of Orange, CA, and a large collection of photography and ephemera from WWII Japanese internment camps.

NASA The American space agency makes both astronomy and historical photos available from the multimedia page of its website; above, Neil Armstrong and David Scott in the Gemini 8 capsule.

National Gallery of Art The American gallery's collection includes 25,000 images, including works by Leonardo, Monet and Winslow Homer.

Flickr Commons One of the best-known of the web's free galleries, the Commons collates photography with 'no known copyright restrictions' from institutions around the world. Its archive is predominantly from English-speaking countries, but that includes both Australia and New Zealand's National Libraries. Flickr Commons also represents collections based in the United Kingdom, Scandinavia, and eastern Europe.

Wikipedia Featured Pictures That Wikimedia Commons has a huge library of free pictures is fairly common knowledge for Internet image sniffers, but Wikipedia's page devoted to 'Featured Pictures' remains little known. 'This page highlights images that the Wikipedia community finds beautiful, stunning, impressive, or informative,' it reads, which means it stays updated as Wikipedia editors find gorgeous high-quality images on the site. Its are and history sections are impressive, as are its sections devoted to flora and fauna photography.

Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Online Catalog The LOC's catalog may be the only source here with its own anonymous Twitter account: @libraryofaleph tweets only the name of items in the collection, yet often does so to a clear rhetorical end. (After George Zimmerman was found not guilty, it tweeted almost exclusively the names of prints related to African-American history.) The success of @libraryofaleph is due, in part, to the breadth of the library's catalog: Its collection of free images includes more than 900 WPA posters, more than 3,000 American art illustrations, 400 snapshots taken by the song-collecting Lomax family, and hundreds of color photographs taken during a survey of the Russian Empire between 1905 and 1915.

And the most charming among these may be the Washington State Coastal Atlas. In 2006 and 2001, and during the 1990s and 1970s, the state of Washington photographed its lengthy shoreline from the air. Those photographs, in the public commons, are now linked together and displayed at the state's Coastal Atlas. The collection can be navigated by city, county, or landmark. You can download high-resolution versions of the images and compare how the the coastline appeared through the different iterations of photography.

Know of any other bountiful image libraries on the web? Let us know below, or on Twitter at @yayitsrob.

The Washington State Coastal Atlas & NASA galleries via Charlie Loyd.

APPLIES TO: 2013 2016 2019 SharePoint in Microsoft 365

A site collection is made up of one top-level site and all sites below it. As shown in the following figure, it is the top level of organization in a SharePoint Server web application. The number of site collections you can have in a single web application depends on the capacity of your server infrastructure. For more information about SharePoint Server boundaries, see Software boundaries and limits for SharePoint Servers 2016 and 2019.

Figure: Structure of a site collection in SharePoint Server 2016

The SharePoint Server 2019 modern experience is similar to the experience in SharePoint in Microsoft 365. The main difference is Hub sites aren't available in SharePoint Server. We do recommend that you use the same process as in SharePoint in Microsoft 365, create site collections for each unit of work instead of creating subsites. This will make it easier when migrating your SharePoint farm to SharePoint in Microsoft 365.

The following guidelines show the relationship between SharePoint Server sites and site collections, and content databases:

• All content in a site collection must be stored in a single content database. You can't store a site collection's content across multiple content databases.

• You can scale up content databases that support a site collection. You can also scale-out a content database at the web application level to support additional site collections.

• A site collection can exist in only one content database, but one content database can host the content for multiple site collections.

• A site can't exist outside of a site collection and can only exist in one site collection but a site collection can host many sites.

Overview of SharePoint site collections

You create a site collection to host sites that have something in common. For example, the sites might be in a common administrative boundary or share common branding. The site collection might be created to house all the sites and content for a business unit. Or, a single site collection might have become too large to manage, and it must be split into smaller ones. Lastly, some site collections are created exclusively to host specific SharePoint Server functionality, such as Enterprise Search Center or to host My Sites. Site collections are a way of organizing sites for a common purpose. We recommend that you create site collections for each unit of work instead of creating subsites.

SharePoint Server supports two types of site collections: host-named site collections and path-based site collections. In a path-based site collection, all the subsites in the site collection will share a root or parent URL (DNS name). For example, Team A could have a site collection at http://contoso.com/sites/teamA, and Team B would have a site collection at http://contoso/sites/teamB. All sites in either site collection would have the http://contoso.com/sites/teamA or /teamB root. The only way to have a different URL root is to create a different web application.

To better align with SharePoint best practices, you should use host-named site collections. Host-named site collections allow you to assign custom names to each site collection that you create in a web application. For example, you can have two site collections in the same web application addressed like this: http://TeamA.contoso.com and http://TeamB.contoso.com. This is much more scalable and has been heavily tested in SharePoint.

Because site collections and sites exist in a parent-child relationship, there are aspects of control and functionality that can be configured at the site collection level and used at the site level. This provides many benefits as follows:

• For site designers, a site collection's galleries and libraries (such as the Master Page Gallery or the Site Collection Images library) provide a means for creating a unified, branded user experience across all sites in the site collection.

• For site collection administrators, a site collection provides a unified mechanism and scope for administration. For example, security, policies, and features can be managed for a whole site collection; Site Collection Web Analytics Reports, audit log reports, and other data can help administrators track site collection security and performance.

  SharePoint Server 2019 offers the choice to create modern Team and Communication sites like in SharePoint in Microsoft 365, or keep the classic experience. Using the modern experience site collections is inline with our recommendation to create site collections for each unit of work to make it easier when you decide to migrate to SharePoint.

• For farm administrators, site collections can be moved between content databases. By doing this, farm administrators can manage the size of their content databases.

• For site authors, shared site columns, content types, web parts, authoring resources, workflows, and other site collection features provide a consistent authoring environment.

• For site users, a site collection's unified navigation, branding, and search tools provide a unified website experience.

Every site collection starts as a single, top-level site. Because it is a site, its structure and functionality is based on a site template. SharePoint Server provides many site templates, plus you can also create and use your own as needed. The following tables describe the site collection templates that are available in SharePoint Servers 2016 and 2019.

Table: Site templates in SharePoint Servers 2016 and 2019

The following table describes the 2013 experience version site templates that are available in SharePoint 2013.

Table: 2013 experience version site templates in SharePoint 2013

The following table describes the 2010 experience version site templates that are available in SharePoint 2013.

Table: 2010 experience version site templates in SharePoint 2013

Note

The Web Databases site templates that are available through the 2010 experience sites in SharePoint 2013 are no longer available in the 2013 experience sites in SharePoint 2013. In SharePoint Server 2016, you create an Access database by creating a new app, instead of creating a site.

Important

Some SharePoint 2010 Products site templates, such as the Document Workspace Site templates, were deprecated and are not available as an option in SharePoint 2013. Existing sites that were created by using these deprecated site templates and then upgraded will continue to operate in SharePoint 2013. The deprecated site templates will be removed completely from the next version of SharePoint.

Examples of solutions that benefit from being implemented as site collections are as follows:

• Team collaboration site A site collection to support authoring and collaboration tasks. Often, this kind of site includes collaborative content that is not published but only used internally. For example, a team collaboration site collection might contain a site for each team in your organization to use to plan projects, coordinate tasks, record meeting notes, and store team documents.

• Published Internet site A site collection for publishing content to anonymous Internet readers. A small number of authors create and publish content for many readers. For example, you might use a published Internet site to provide information about company products or services to customers. You can implement publishing sites in a single site collection, where authoring and publishing tasks are performed on the same site. You can also implement publishing sites as two or more site collections that separate the stages of authoring and publishing. Content is created on one or more authoring site collections, and is displayed on one or more publishing site collections by using the Cross-Site Collection Publishing feature in SharePoint Server. For information about how to decide which publishing method to use, see Plan for Internet, intranet, and extranet publishing sites in SharePoint Server. For information about cross-site publishing, see Plan for cross-site publishing in SharePoint Server.

Overview of SharePoint sites

You create sites in your site collection to partition your content so that you can have finer control of the appearance and the permission to the content. You can also have different features available on the various sites in your site collection. You can use a site template with its default configuration, or you can change the site's default settings through site administration, and then save the site as a new template. For more information, see Create and use site templates.

Web Image Collector 2013 Full

Note

You cannot save a SharePoint publishing site collection or site as a template. If you activate the SharePoint Server Publishing Infrastructure feature on a non-publishing site collection, the Save site as template link is removed from the Site Actions section on the Site Settings page.

You can configure the following items for a site:

Web Image Collector 2013 Free

• Templates Sites in a site collection can each use different templates.

• Language If language packs were installed on the web server, you can select a specific language to use together with the site template when you create a new site. The user interface that appears on the site is displayed in the language that was selected when the site was created. Content and other items created by users are displayed in the language in which they are created. For more information, see Plan for multilingual sites in SharePoint Server and Install or uninstall language packs for SharePoint Servers 2016 and 2019.

• Security You can define unique user groups and permissions for each site.

• Navigation You can fine-tune your site's navigation experience by configuring unique navigation links in each part of your site's hierarchy. Site navigation often reflects the relationships among the sites in a site collection. Therefore, planning navigation and planning sites structures are closely related activities. For more information, see Overview of site navigation in SharePoint Server.

  In SharePoint Server publishing sites, you can use managed navigation to create a site navigation that is derived from a tightly managed taxonomy. For more information, see Overview of managed navigation in SharePoint Server.

• Web pages Each site can have a unique welcome page and other pages.

• Site layouts Each site can have a unique layout or master pages.

• Themes You can change colors and fonts on a site. For more information, see Overview of themes in SharePoint Server.

• Regional settings Each site can have custom regional settings, such as locale, time zone, sort order, time format, and calendar type.

• Search Each site can have custom search settings. For example, you can specify that a particular site never appears in search results.

• Content types Each site can have unique content types and site columns.

• Workflows You can make each site have unique workflows.

• Apps You can install apps for SharePoint to deliver specific information or functionality to a SharePoint site. An app for SharePoint is a small, easy-to-use, stand-alone application that solves a specific end-user or business need.

See also

Image Collector Extension

Concepts